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Cornwall is a city in eastern Ontario, Canada, and the seat of the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. Cornwall is Ontario's easternmost city, located on the Saint Lawrence River, in the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor along Ontario Highway 401, and is the urban centre for surrounding communities, including Long Sault and Ingleside to the west, Mohawk Territory of Akwesasne to the south, St. Andrew's and Avonmore to the north, and Glen Walter, Martintown, Williamstown, and Lancaster to the east. Cornwall lies on the 45th parallel, approximately southeast of Ottawa, the national capital, southwest of Montreal, Quebec's largest city, and northeast of Toronto, the provincial capital and Canada's largest city. It is named after the English Duchy of Cornwall; the city's coat of arms is based on that of the duchy with its colours reversed and the addition of a "royal tressure", a Scottish symbol of royalty. ==Historical overview== Aboriginal peoples have lived in and around the area of present day Cornwall for millennia. The first serious European settlement was established in 1784, by United Empire Loyalists, primarily from New York. Disbanded soldiers and their families began to settle at the site of Cornwall, then called New Johnstown.〔http://www.heritagefdn.on.ca/userfiles/HTML/nts_1_5946_1.html Ontario Heritage Trust Founding of Cornwall〕 They were led by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir John Johnson and were soldiers from the First Battalion King's Royal Regiment of New York and a contingent of the 84th Royal Highland Emigrants. Following the success of rebellious colonists in the American Revolution, the United Empire Loyalists (as they were later called) migrated to Canada. The British government helped them settle there in reward for their loyalty and compensation for their losses in the United States. They founded a settlement on the site formerly called ''Pointe Maligne'' by French colonists and renamed it "Royal Settlement #2", and then "New Johnstown". It was later renamed Cornwall by the British for the Duke of Cornwall, by proclamation of Prince George, and in 1834 the town became one of the first incorporated municipalities in the British colony of Upper Canada.〔(5 Star Flags )〕 The construction of the Cornwall Canal between 1834 and 1842 accelerated the community's development into a regional and industrial economic "capital" for a growing hinterland of towns and villages.〔 Canal and lock construction in the late 1800s and early 1900s brought work international business. Railway connections, beginning in the 1850s, provided connections between Cornwall and local communities that required to access public services in Cornwall, such as highschools and medical services, and helped cement Cornwall's position as a regional centre.〔http://lostvillages.ca/history/the-lost-villages/mille-roches/〕 Situated west of Cornwall, along the St. Lawrence River, were several smaller communities. Now known as the Lost Villages, the communities were permanently flooded in 1958 by the construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway. The massive Moses-Saunders Power Dam at the western end of the city required a reservoir, and the villages were flooded when it was filled. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cornwall, Ontario」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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